Strategic Human Resource Management enhances organisational Essay

Strategic Human vision Management enhances organisational performance in both good and bad economic times - Essay causaThe sensitivity of this department is so significant that no organization can exist in its absence, requires net professionalism, ethical discipline, wide knowledge on compassionate relations, and the drive to success. Moreover, humanity resource prudence relies on the objectives, vision, mission statement, and target goals of the organization. Since, these comp all features directly determine the performance and success of the organization operations it is logically true that human resource management has a subsequent influence in the performance of the extension service organization. To achieve the perfect organizational performance human resource management requires good policies, adequate strategies, effective organizational culture, and good corporate environment to attain the requisite competitive advantage that stock warrants organizational performanc e. more or less significantly, strategic human resource management enhances organisational performance in any economic setup. Indeed, we can fix Strategic human resource management as a strategic approach to manage human resources of a given organization.Its main aim includes designing and implementing a set of internally consistent policies and procedures that guarantee the contribution of available human capital of a firm to the achievement of its business objectives.Strategic human resource management puts a lot of emphasis on the development of the firms mental ability to respond to the external environment through a better utilization of human resources. Indeed, the strategy of any given firm reflects its timely response to the ever-increasing changes in the competitive market. Hence, Strategic human resource management acts as a catalyst in the satisfaction of the strategic goals through promoting behavioral utility among employees. Actually, the come out of Strategic human resource management has been in the limelight for a

Risk aversion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Risk aversion - Essay Exampleptimally increasing expected net gains does non take into consideration happen attitudes or an individuals attitude to carrying the risk of uncertainty, it is risk neutral. On the other hand, the individuals attitude to risk bearing is taken into account if expected profit rather than expected gain is to be maximised. Risk pension, equity premium or food market premium refers to the additional allowance for risk which results in high rates of interest in the private sector. The market risk premium is the expected rate of return in the aggregate stock market in excess of the risk-free interest rate (Fernandez 2002, p.201).Thesis conjure upment The purpose of this paper is to compare the State Preference and Machina triangle diagrams, explain an Edgeworth Box diagram, and discuss the factors that determine the efficient allocation of risk.An individual is risk averse if for any probability distribution the expected value of the distribution is prefer red to the distribution itself. An individual who prefers a certain income rather than an uncertain one is said to be risk averse. In contrast, a risk-neutral person is one who is indifferent to all alternatives with the same expected value (Katz and Rosen 1998, p.168). For the consumer, uncertainty in the stinting market could relate to a combination of or any one of the following factors income, crossway price, product quality, and product availability, besides future income, interest rates and inflation rates (McKenna 1986). According to Eeckhoudt and Gollier (1995), the inverse kindred between marginal utility and wealth in the context of expected utility, explains why the largest loss should be covered first through insurance.The State Preference and the Machina Triangle diagrams can be compared and contrasted, as unconcern maps for risk averse expected utility maximisers. The expected utility model as an approach to the system of individual behaviour towards risk is distin ctive due to the

Theology of the Church II Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Theology of the Church II - Essay deterrent exampleighlighted by Dules include liturgy renewal, emphasizing the sacristy of the scriptures, reevaluation on the concept of authority, religious liberty, and acceptance of the world. McCormick (3), strong on moral theology that was a part of institutional models. The attributes of moral theology were confession-based, sin-centered, seminary-controlled, and magisterium-dominated.Until the 19th century, the Catholic Church was a hierarchical society that was under the leadership of the Pope as the successor of Peter. excite by the realization that Christians were capable of affiliating with true perform in varying ways, Pope Pius XII in mystici Corporis introduced the concept of mystical body theology. The emphasis by Pius XII was on visible and invisible amity as the body of Christ. The mystical body is identified as the Catholic Church and no one would be a true member of the mystical body without being a member of the roman print Catholic Church (Vatican Council II 64 907). In addition, members of the mystical body had to be bound by faith, sacrament, and obedience in order to partake the Holy chat. Vatican II however emphasized the image of the mess of God and its development to imply hierarchical and institutional structures. However, there were no detriments to its authority. However, Vatican Council II distanced itself from referring to the Catholic church subsist in the Church of Christ thereby Leaving room for other Christian communities (Dulles 430). oneness weakness of the institutional model is in the tensions arising between the church as a mystical communion of grace and friendly interpersonal relationships. As a social organization, the church needs of charisma atomic number 18 crucial in understanding the tensions intrinsic in the humans and theological tasks of the church. The church needs charismatic priests and this is only achievable through clarification of the needs of priests as huma ns hence their role on church as an institution (Dulles

Snapchat Speech or Presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Snapchat - Speech or Presentation ExampleTechnology defines the collection and adoption of knowledge legal documents, equipment, and machines to organise various issues in the modern world. The recent technical girdments rely on the technological experiences of the past since technological development is a continuous process that depends on industrial growth. The earnings, mobile phones, printing press, networking, and improved software program define the recent technological developments (Eastern Mennonite University, n.y). The world is using the scientific and technical knowhow derived by technological developments to spread over the goals and needs of the users. It may also relate to the use of a new concept, design, or technological tool for specific cases. Indeed, the recent technological developments apply in the design, modification, machinery, techniques, and technological tools, and improvement of an organization (Eastern Mennonite University, n.y).Various reasons con jure the growth use for technological development. Indeed, the recent industrial development has fostered technological development by whirl the required tools and knowledge (Healy, 2014). The need for social networking that defines a simpler, quick, and convenient mode of communication has led to internet growth. Another factor that motivates the growth use for technological development is the increased popularity of E-commerce, E-learning, and E-marketing. Indeed, the continued dependency on computers to perform various tasks enhanced the growth use for technological development. The government is equally investing a lot of resources in technological research, which is enhancing innovations, and improvements in technology. Moreover, the continued need to establish global communication and networking systems to develop easier and effective communication and interactions enhanced the growth use for technological development. The challenges faced in different handle like medicine, manufacturing, and science led to the growth

A Taste of Honey Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

A Taste of Honey - Movie look backward Examplenever wrote anything at all in her entire life and she wrote it with all gritty world and the overweening bravado of a veteran recreatewright. The question on everybodys lips was where on earth had she extracted all those emotions and experiences The react could lie on her own background. A daughter of working-class parents and herself born and reared in the shabby, squalid surround of Salford, she could only be gifted with a keen, perceptive insight of things, an empathy for the socially marginalised and an innate talent for accurately depicting the world as she saw it . Plot Synopsis of A Taste of Honey The play opens with a fortyish mother Helen squabbling with her 18-year grey daughter on trivial matters such as how to prepare coffee bean and other paltry issues. twain have just transferred to this new squalid apartment. Helens paramour, Peter who is much early than Helen suddenly barged in and is surprised to learn that Hele n has a daughter and invites her to come with him for a drinking bout. Rejected, he offers her marriage turn at the same time boasting to Jo his collection of girlfriends as shown in the many a(prenominal) womens photos in his wallet.The next scene introduces Jos suitor, a young black man who is a sailor-on leave for the Christmas holidays. He offers to marry Jo which Jo assented to. After The Boy has go forth, Helen comes to announce her hymeneals with Peter and that she is leaving Jo to live with Peter in his house. Jo wept in abject desolation and was comforted by The Boy, who in Jos misery and... The play opens with a fortyish mother Helen squabbling with her 18-year old daughter on trivial matters such as how to prepare coffee and other paltry issues. Both have just transferred to this new squalid apartment. Helens paramour, Peter who is much younger than Helen suddenly barged in and is surprised to learn that Helen has a daughter and invites her to come with him for a drin king bout. Rejected, he offers her marriage while at the same time boasting to Jo his collection of girlfriends.The next scene introduces Jos suitor, a young black man who is a sailor-on leave for the Christmas holidays. He offers to marry Jo which Jo assented to. After The Boy has left, Helen comes to announce her wedding with Peter and that she is leaving Jo to live with Peter in his house. Jo wept in abject desolation and was comforted by The Boy, who is Jos misery and loneliness was invited to spend one week with her. Jos depression is move on intensify by Helens revelation that Jo is, in reality, her daughter by the village idiot with whom she had a one-night stand. She further relates that this is the reason she was divorced by Jos putative father. Distraught with the thought that she could have inherited idiocy-tainted genes, Jo is left on the brink of despondency while Helen prepares for her wedding.The next scene shows a six-month pregnant Jo, courtesy of The Boy, with her courageous friend and housemate Geoff. He was evicted in his own apartment on account of his homosexuality and thus Jo offered him a place to stay.

Negative Effects of a Monopoly Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Negative Effects of a Monopoly - Essay ExampleA monopoly reduces consumers purchase power through the increase in the price of services or harvest-festivals. Being the only provider of service or product, the company in power sets the rate at its own will. An example of that is the Pfizer Company, the cleric of the Viagra pill, that charged customers a lot because no other pill could be compargond to Viagra in effect. Consumers are thus forced to pay a higher price for a service or product that is not actually worth that price. Such system leads to a decline in the criterion of living and wellbeing of the society.A monopoly equips the restore vendor to reduce the quality of service or product. As there is no competitor in the market, the sole provider knows that consumers have no option nevertheless to purchase the service or product even with a lower quality. The sole provider does not feel obliged to invest much in the business in terms of resources and accordingly, the end p roduct does not measure up to the required standard of quality. A monopoly creates unemployment. As more and more businesses are driven out of the market because of the power of the sole provider, people employed in those businesses become jobless. They either have to regain skills related to another profession or somehow become part of the sole provider. Either way, these jobless people have to go through a lot of emotional, psychological, and financial problems to fulfil their destination. Many people with higher skills, hence, have to work at much lower salaries than what would be reassert considering their level of education and skills.

Project 9 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Project 9 - Essay lessonExamples of parametric sorts are t block outs and z strains which are used on both paired and separatist quantitative data.Nonparametric tests do not assume any particular dispersal for the data however, they relish at the category or rank prepare of the values and ignores the absolute difference between them (Driscoll and Lecky 2001.). In addition to the application of these tests to quantitative data that are not normally distributed, nonparametric tests are in addition applied to nominal and ordinal data. According to Driscoll and Lecky (2001), examples of nonparametric tests include Chi Square, Fisher exact test which are used for nominal data and Wilcoxon, Mann-Whitney and Kolmogorov-Smirnov which are used for ordinal data.Chi-Square (2) test is a truly popular nonparametric test which is used on unpaired nominal data. This paper shows how the 2 test is applied to data relating to gender and office locations of 60 sworn officers. The test is use d to determine if in that respect is a difference in the gender distribution among the three locations. According to Salkind (2009), the Chi Square test is a very interesting test which allows the researcher to determine if what is observed in a distribution of frequencies represents what is expected to occur by chance.The data relating to gender and office locations have been grouped in order to perform a Chi Square test. The test has more than one independent variable and so is described as a test of independence. The table below shows the arrangement of the data.The table above shows that at that place are a total of 35 males and 25 females distributed across three locations. The test seeks to determine whether thither are any differences in relation to the gender distribution across the three locations. Therefore, the null meditation (Ho) and research hypothesis would be stated asAccording to Salkind (2009), the next step is to determine the direct of

Discuss critically the assertion that revolutionary processes in the Essay

Discuss critically the assertion that revolutionary processes in the Arab world have reached maturity due to the crucial role pl - Essay ExampleThe advent of raw media has made it easier for community and parties to gather and use information, and spread as far and wide as they demand (Anderson and Eickelman, 2003 39). Today, social media platforms such as Facebook and Twitter have united millions of people, especially those with common interests and agendas. These platforms allow people to share ideas, thoughts and sentiments and discuss them with people interested, a process usually referred to as cyber activism. This activism has even made online policy-making discussions possible. The Arab World countries have however, found new use for the new media. For them, their smart phones, twitter and Facebook are not just used for leisure, sharing, commenting and following, they have start out their tools of liberation, their weapons against arrogant regimes and a platform for gat hering people towards cud action and collective responsibility (Anderson and Eickelman, 2003 39). For these countries, it is a time for revolution, a time to change their lives, change featherbed regimes and establish a whole new season of leadership. The question is, is it right to say that the Arab world has reached its maturity in revolutionary processes due to the roles played by the new media? This is the question that this work seems to find an process to. To do this, some case studies of events and countries where social media has been used to foster revolution, then an analysis of all the cases shall be done and a conclusion drawn. The 2010 Tunisia Revolution It all started when a street vendor in Tunisia, Mohamed Bouazizi desexualize himself ablaze on claims of harassment by officials of the municipality. The updates of these images on the social media not only went viral still it also attracted emotional and harsh comments from the people, all attacking the authoriti es. This horrible police action laid the animal foot of the revolution. The revolution, also commonly referred to as the Jasmine Revolution took place from 18th December of 2010. Some of the reasons why the protestors took to the streets include unemployment, inflation especially in the food sector, curtailed and restricted freedom of speech, unhealthy living conditions, police heinousness among others. During the protests, which went to as far as past March of 2011, many people died and others injured. To the activists and non conformers, they wanted nothing little than the step-down of the then president, Zine EL Abidine Ben Ali. He had exercised his dictatorial rule for over 23 years since his choice in 1987. The revolutionary protests in Tunisia took place in form of strikes, online activism, civil resistance and disobedience among others. When the government realized that the protestors were not willing to back off or retreat, Ben Ali finally stepped down on fifteenth Janua ry 2011. Foud Mebazaa then became the acting president, and the protestors demanded that elections be held in sixty days. All the RCD members were removed from government but the protests did not subside, resulting to the resignation of the prime minister. Tunisia opened the gate for the Arab world uprisings and revolutions, which have seen huge and immense changes in the dictatorial regimes. The revolution became famously known as the Twitter revolution, where the protests claimed that they were tweeting out the tyrants .To them, they were ready to bring change to the realm and fight for democracy. The new media was vastly and widely used to propagate and call for mass action. At then, Tunisia had become a center of focus in

Zimbardo Prison Experiment. The Dynamics of Attitude and Behaviour Essay

Zimbardo Prison Experiment. The Dynamics of Attitude and Behaviour - Essay Example(Rothman-Marshall, 6 Jan 99)However, when a soul performs an action contradictary to a strongly held belief or opinion, there is a jarring feeling that distresses, which psychologist Leon Festinger describes as that uncomfortable feeling one gets when one finds oneself doing something that doesnt fit with what one knows.This chafing sensation, known as cognitive dissonance, is glaringly visible in the Zimbardo Prison Experiment. For the two-week experiment, a group of students were paid to participate in a faux situation where half the randomly chosen students were prisoners and the other half, guards. The students took to the roles they were acting, and soon the life-like prison was a scene of realistic baton-wielding high-and-mighty uniformed guards subjugating and abusing the hapless, helpless prisoners to such an extent that few even suffered from severe trauma, and had to be replaced.During the experiment, it was noted that decent, (presumably) lawful boys behaved in a manner totally contradictory to their normal attitudes. The guards often abusing and manipulating the prisoners who, stripped of their identity, debased and dehumanised, acted out(a) the part of the oppressed prisoner.

Examine the ways in which attempts are being made to address the Outline

Examine the ways in which attempts are being made to address the conundrum of cyber bullying in the criminal referee system of England and Wales - Outline ExampleI will begin by looking at the theories of criminology, the historical/social context of cyberbullying, and analysing the current situation and the possible reforms that will help curb cyberbullying, concluding that cyberbullying should be curbed using stringent measures by law. This essay seeks to examine the attempts that are being made to address the problem of cyber bullying in the criminal justice system of England and Wales.Understanding why an individual chooses to commit a crime can assist the authorities know how to assimilate the criminal.Other theories of criminology attribute crime to the criminal patch others state that the community is to blame(WINFREE, &ABADINSKY, 2010).The choice theory, otherwise known as the rational choice theory, is the conviction that nation decide to commit crime, considering the possible opportunities ahead, assessing the benefits vis-a vis the penalty and making a choice whether to go on or not to (TIBBETTS, 2012).The positivist theory acts on the proposal that the person committing crime cannot ethically understand how terms his actions are (TIBBETTS, 2012). This persons mind has been set in a way that the individual has no ability of making a sensible sane decision to conform to the law. This theory shows how the criminals mind works and the impact the thoughts have on the victims.With the massive growth of social media sites, children and the young quite a little are more vulnerable to cyberbullying. With Facebook and Twitter as the most popular networking sites, about 35 trillion of Facebook and 15 million Twitter users are in the UK. This makes cyberbullying rampant in England and Wales. Cyberbullying in England and Wales is considered an offence under law.In relation to cyber bullying, the choice theory explains the way a criminals mind leads to a crime. The bully decides out of his own will to bully an online user to the point that the user,

Principles of Marketing Financial Services Essay

Principles of Marketing monetary Services - Essay ExampleAround the world, pecuniary services organizations are driven to append revenues temporary hookup decreasing costs. They need the ability to quickly go to market with new products, deepen client relationships, increase revenue per customer, and improve the accuracy of their strategic decision making. At the same time, they need to control useable and compliancy costs, ensure interoperability of existing applications and infrastructure, and provide seamless interactions with their customers. All within an increasingly complex compliance environment. High-performance pecuniary institutions understand the link between operational performance and financial performance. The ability to queer and bid vital insights into operational mensurate leverssuch as customer-facing activities, exposure to credit risk, and market manageand link them to financial value levers like operating margin, loan-loss ratios, and cost of assets i n a timely and consummate fashion is lynchpin to optimizing overall performance and driving value creation.Abbeys vision is to be the great(p) financial services company in the UK. It is the sixth largest bank in the United Kingdom and aims to chance upon the largest direct in the market.The purpose of Abbey is to achieve above average growth in share holder value over the long term by meeting stakeholders needs.A detailed and more(prenominal) specific description of the products and services offered by Abbey includes Current Accounts, Credit Cards, Loans, Mortgages, Insurance, Savings, ISAs and Child Trust Fund.... The ability to uncover and turn vital insights into operational value levers-such as customer-facing activities, exposure to credit risk, and market share-and link them to financial value levers like operating margin, loan-loss ratios, and cost of assets in a timely and accurate fashion is key to optimizing overall performance and driving value creation- Abbey A n Overview Vision Abbeys vision is to be the outstanding financial services company in theUK. It is the sixth largest bank in the United Kingdom and aims to achieve thelargest position in the market.Purpose The purpose of Abbey is to achieve above average growth in shareholder value over the long term by meeting stake holders needs.Products and Services A detailed and more specific description about theproducts and services offered by Abbey includes - Current Accounts, CreditCards, Loans, Mortgages, Insurance, Investments and Pensions, Savings, ISAs and Child Trust Fund.Strategies Implemented The rightfulness mixture of strategies which suits the marketplace and customers are being implemented so that there would be an optimum utilization of resources and maximization of profits can be achieved.- SWOT Analysis Its main strength is its apt knowledge of finance. This meant that it should focus on this area.Its main weakness is its size. As only the sixth largest bank it could not offer thesame range of products as bigger banks. This meant that it should offer a simplerange.The main opportunity was to provide simpler products which customer wouldbetter understand.The main threat is from other banks, who might want to take over Abbey, so it

The Road of e-Business Transformation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6750 words

The Road of e-Business Transformation - turn up ExampleBoth government and industry experts and leaders are anticipating the time when e- task investments forget eventually acquire authentic and lasting change.E-business is about continuously revolutionizing market spaces and business models, innovating organizations in time to compete, reinforced by Internet technologies, manpower capital, and the search for value. The strength of the transformation is the core of e-business investment, but such has yet to be sufficiently illustrated through the current applications of e-business models (Khoong, 2001).The inauguration phase transpired between 1995 and 1999. During the onset of e-business, several pure-play startups surfaced, utilizing technology as a critical business driver. The value proposition of the startups was inclined towards the catchphrase Content is King. The euphoria was compound by a gold rush - valuation of dotcoms was seen as the way to instant wealth. The realit y of the startup phase was that expensive customer acquisition was of little help for weak value propositions, and the big prick rates eventually caused the failures of numerous startups. The branch degree centigrade days of business also became the last 100 days for some. The tail terminate of the startup phase was a B2C shakeout.It was only last stratum t... The first 100 days of business also became the last 100 days for some. The tail end of the startup phase was a B2C shakeout. It was only last year that e-business investors began to separate the hype from the reality. The NASDAQ crash provided a much-needed correction on the real value of e-business investments. This second phase - the partnership phase - is where we stand today. Partnerships through reciprocal ventures and strategic alliances between old-economy and new-economy firms are seen as the attractive paths to profitability. By focusing on vertical business sectors and leveraging partnerships to provide a read y community of subscribers to e-business services, customer acquisition costs are dramatically reduced and the top-line potential becomes significantly more lucrative. The partnership phase is expected to run for another year or so, by which time the next phase will set in. In the meantime, the market will have to sort itself out, as at the moment a glut in e-marketplaces is looming. The tail end of the partnership phase will be a B2B shakeout. Within the next two years, we expect desegregation in the e-business industry. This will then bring us into the consolidation phase, in which every business is an e-business, and the e efficiency becomes totally redundant. Consolidation will mean e-business infrastructure becomes the backbone of huge business networks, supporting passim supply chain integration. The tail end of the consolidation phase - if there is one - may be characterized by a world comprising a few gigantic global e-firms and some very dispirited firms who remain out of the e-loop.

Managing with Web 2.0 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Managing with Web 2.0 - Research Paper Example(Girrell, 2010)The application of Web 2.0 tools and applications terminate help companies and organizations in knowledge management, lock coordination & decision making. Web 2.0 tools help companies manage knowledge, coordinate work and enhance decision making in a number of ways. Blogs, wikis and social networking help companies and their employees say and set ahead productivity. After all, blogs can provide information to users in a less formal way withal attainable form and grant readers the opportunities to respond to the writer, ask, questions, comment, etc. This interaction bridges the corporate users and the readers/customers or potence customers and builds relationships. (Johnston, 2010)Since Web 2.0 tools are user friendly, communication and knowledge creation are easy. For instance, for the workforce, wikis serve as a blackboard a space in which corporate workers and an increasingly mobile workforce can communicate with each other, formalize projects and the components thereof, document progress and do so in a less pricey manner. After all, wikis, like most Web 2.0 tools contain costs. This is especially true since Web 2.0 tools do non require IT department implementation. (Johnston, 2010)Blogs, wikis and social networking tools solve the problem of individual emails, IMs and the creation of numerous emails conveying information, top questions or documenting progress. Web 2.0 solves the problems of connection across a large company or department and provides the users with flexibility. It offers the private instructor or creator the opportunity to post the information and the other workers or users with 24 hour regard from anywhere they can log into such platforms. For this reason, all parties have a sense of autonomy and connectedness despite virtual connectivity. Therefore companies could benefit from using Web 2.0 tools

Explain the concepts of both individual and cultural relativism Essay

Explain the concepts of both individual and cultural relativism - Essay ExampleOf wideness to note is that, at times this concept counters itself and its subsequent argument of what might be perceived as righteousness of wrong could be concluded as baseless (Brooks, 2011).This respectable relativism concept articulates that the perception of what is goodly right is dependent on a given socialization. For instance, one coating might believe in cannibalism as being morally right while another culture is against the practice. Needless to say, this concept assists in understanding why certain practices are common in some cultures and not others (Brooks, 2011).Apparently, the concept Utilitarianism argues that follow out could be defined as morally right or wrong when the consequences are at pass away unlike ethical relativism where right or wrong is determined by an individual or culture (Brooks, 2011).Kantian theory is described as one of the best ethical principles as it articu lates that humans beings beget the opportunity to effectively use their reasoning faculty to determine what their obligated to do and do it diligently. Conversely, ethical relativism does not entail actual reasoning on a particular action but transparent perception (Brooks, 2011).This contract theory revolves around an agreement that is formed by two differently nonionic groups of people where responsibilities are assigned to each member of the group. Moreover, limitations and rights about certain issues are defined. In ethical relativism, cultural relativism where society is incorporated does not have limitations and rights, but practices that are perceived morally right or wrong (Brooks, 2011).Actually, divine command theory argues that actions deemed to be moral rightly ought to be identical to what God has commanded and that being moral is following what God has commanded unlike Ethical Relativism where an individual or culture decides what is right or wrong (Brooks, 2011). This theory articulates that natural laws that are created as a result of human reasoning could

Poetry Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

poesy Analysis - Essay ExampleThe title of the poetry is ironic as the character who is presented in the poem is not romantic but timid, alienated, dull and anti-heroic. Even though the poem can be interpret in innumerable ways, a c areful analysis of the poem helps us trace the core nous surrounded by several underlying themes (Blythe and Sweet, 1994). The vote counter is expressing his disappointment with the society he is placed in. A proper interpretation of the different aspects of imagery, theme and symbolism will help readers easily assess the narrators views of life. Prufrocks deems his daily life as bleak, empty and repetitive. In the beginning of the poem the poet builds a scene that explains the indifferent mood of the narrator. Narrator explains the surroundings on an evening with a tone of hopelessness and hopelessness. In the line 6, we see that the author considers night as restless. He further comments that streets are tedious arguments of insidious intent (Elio t 1915). From these comments readers can understand the narrators annoyance about his surroundings. Regarding his and his accessory s destination, he comments that they are one-night cheap hotels and sawdust restaurants with oyster-shells (Eliot 1915). Even though the narrator is not giving a long description of his dissatisfaction with the surroundings, readers smell a mood of dissatisfaction and restlessness that radiate from the life of the narrator. The narrators nature needs no further explanation in the poem. The poet makes use of multiple poetic elements to flesh out the mood of the narrator that is the central theme of the poem. As we proceed along the poem we see much elements of imagery that reflects narrators s frustration with his surroundings. We find him speaking about the yellow defile which rubs its back upon the window-panes and the yellow smoke that rubs its muzzle on the window panes (Eliot 1915). He further comments on the carbon black that falls from chimne ys (Eliot 1915). In the later part of the poem the narrator again refers to smoke as he describes the street he walks. These elements of imagery make us understand that the narrator is hazy and unconcerned and neer accommodates anything. The narrator different recoverings are presented in the poem. His feelings of dissatisfaction and restlessness, however, dominate his mood. Readers understand that the narrator who is getting aged will do things in a different way provided he is given a chance. In the lines 49-54, the narrator reveals the overall boredom he faces in his life. We find him telling that he has cognise them all already, known them all- urinate known the evenings, mornings, afternoons (Eliot 1915). It seems that the narrator thinks that his life is over and he has nothing more to offer. He continues to make comments of dissatisfaction throughout the poem. He says he is used to the eyes that fix you in a formulated phrase and the arm that are bracleted and white and b are (Eliot 1915). The narrators disillusionment of life is also evident in his remarks about time. In lines 24-34, we see him telling that time is there to meet faces, murder and create, have a hundred indecisions and a hundred visions and revisions (Eliot 1915). The narrator is telling this not in an optimistic manner. Readers feel that he is telling that time is plentiful only if we take good advantage of it. The narrators appear to be sure that he has failed to take

Risk Assessment for Vertex-Speed Ltd. Durham County, UK Essay

Risk Assessment for Vertex-Speed Ltd. Durham County, UK - Essay ExampleSunderland won the contract for the Micra with the promise of a 40m organisation grant.General Motors (GM) manufactures cars in the UK under the name Vauxhall and they also exhibit that the strong British pound is making it difficult to see a profit. 5m grants ensured that the new Vectra model was produced in Ellesmere Port. This created 1,200 jobs in that city, but the old Luton plant loss 1,900 jobs when the facility moved to Ellesmere Port. Vauxhall ask 5m in government grants for production to occur in the UK and not at the Antwerp, Belgium plant. GM also finds the strong pound a challenge for profitable business.Toyota has two factories in the UK at Burnaston and Deeside with over 3000 employees. The Deeside plant produces car engines. The other car markets doing well are the luxury classes such as Rolls Royce and Bentley, which are not as affected by the varying exchange rates.The UK has over 40 vehicle manufacturing plants with 40 billion of the Gross National output with the majority of producers being foreign owned. The industry is vital to the UK and means that diversification, intricacy and other adaptations are required to compete in a global market Management Focus. The plants closed or consolidated (Luton for example) feed provided a method of beginning business for companies that could not afford the start up costs from the terra firma up (zero based production sites). Vertex-Speed Ltd has seen impressive growth and development in the last twenty old age in spite of a changing market and the pound so strong against the Euro. County Durham is an exemplar location with cooperation from local governments and a good reputation with consumers. 35% of our production is in the Vertex Gamma, a luxury sedan popular with the executive class. A study was ordered by Vertex-Speed Ltd regarding the feasibility of establishing an cable car factory in either Brazil or Malaysia sinc e the majority of the Gammas produced are exported to Brazil and Malaysia. The move to a horizontally integrated Multinational Corporation (MNC) is a complicated one and many aspects of such expansion must be taken into consideration.The following assessments investigate the political, economic states of Brazil and Malaysia as well as a number of other factors such as the level of corruption and the attitudes toward foreign investors, which could determine whether it is beaver to consider Greenfield investment or an acquisition. A reliable supply chain and component makers are mandatary and more important than cheap labour costs (Management Focus). Risk Assessment for BrazilCountry Risk- pecuniaryBrazil has the largest economy in South America and is a country of contrasts. While not a poor country with

Biblical Worldview Essay Essay Example for Free

Biblical initiationview Essay EssayThe Apostle capital of Minnesota wrote to the Ro universe church service to prepare them for his visit to Rome prior to leaving for Spain. He explained to the church how Christians, Jews and Gentiles alike, should view the natural world, our identity, our relationships, and our stopping point due to our relationship with Christ. He explains the necessity for righteousness because without Christ we are dead in our sin. precisely God, through his goodness and grace has provided a way to righteousness through Jesus Christ. The Natural WorldAccording to Genesis, God created the heavens and earth (our natural world) and everything in them. In Romans 120 Paul states, For since the uni indite of discourse of the world Gods invisible qualities-his eternal power and divine nature-have been clearly seen, cosmos understood from what has been made, so that men are without excuse. God created the world, his power and authority is evident in this creati on and in this way man was supposed to know Him. However they dark their backs on him and according to verse 22 exchanged the glory of the immortal God for images made to look like mortal man and birds and animals and reptiles. Because of Adam and Eves disobedience in the Garden of Eden, sin came into our natural world which started the decease of spiritual man as well as Gods intended order.Human individuationGod created man in his own image, (Gen 127). Our identity is firmly established by intentional God, more specifically, knowing God through Jesus Christ. We are created with a God shaped stave off in our spirit man. If we do not fill that void with a relationship with God, we will examine to fill it with anything else that gives us temporary pleasure. Paul says in Romans chapter 1, that men turned away from God and turned to idol worship. Three times in this chapter Paul states that God gave them over to their sinful desires (v.24), their shameful lusts (v. 26), and their depraved minds. (v28). In and of ourselves, we are destined to die, not only physically but spiritually. God however, has made a way. Paul eloquently shares the path to salvation, righteousness, and sanctification through Jesus Christ.

People at Work Essay Example for Free

wad at Work EssayThere be many styles of oversight that commences different kinds of results. If non through with(p) right, it would either be as well much or too microscopic, bringing out effects such as macrocosm less creative, but efficient or being more creative notwithstanding less efficient. Wanting to bring out the opera hat of our employees, variation in vigilance tends to analyze men who atomic number 18 also more adept to technical launchings and easy practical solutions.In a genesis with ever changing attitudes who are attuned to the trends of society, it is also a must that old management styles are being updated and innovated. Philips Cooke (2006) described founding in its simplest form as the transformation of parvenue creative ideas into freshly goods and services. It is not only focused on products and new technological gadgets, innovation are also most effectual when applied to management.With innovative management applied in a c eacher -out, results back be seen in legalness, production, excellence, piquant positioning, and market share. This is why, in management innovation, Emotional intelligence agency or Emotional Quotient (EQ) has now become a very critical factor in the work coiffure and top management today because more than nevertheless smart heads and high IQ great deal, companies and businesses today takes more than just desks, ledgers, machines and materials to make a business work. more than than anything else, businesses lease heap.People are needed to make a company grow, people who are functional together, not necessarily on the same department or in the same building, but people pulling together so that the composition operates efficiently and depose continue running the business. But sometimes, people are being funny or uncooperative. They do not pull or group together, and sometimes fail to manage their full share of load. Thus, the question now is, how leave alone we survive that our managers possess the exponent of being a leader? Does he know how to properly handle people?Does he know how to develop new ideas and implement it effectively? How will we know in the first place that we spend a penny the manager we are looking for, or how can we develop such? Literature Review globalisation had brought out a steep competition for the market of goods and services everyday and it is management innovation that brings onward diagnose factors for companys future survival. (Cooke. P, 2006) According to Kira Fabrizio (2006), the terra firma is currently entirely driven by technology. Additionally business existence routines are transforming rapidly.All the same, proper innovation management skills will ever guarantee future survival of any given organization for a company or a firm cannot operate smoothly if not managed properly. Due to tough competition, companies unendingly aim to satisfy customers by producing reference products and services. Chesbrough (2006), Simcoe. T, (2006) and Allen, L. D. Evans. (1997) argued that for an innovation to be a conquest, correct discharge of the creative ideas already born is critical in any organization. As a matter of fact the creativity emanating from an employee and/or from a police squad of employees forms the basis for innovation.A successful innovation can not be attained by the mathematical product of creative ideas alone but by correct implementation of those creative ideas to bring about new or improved product and/or service within the organization. For creative ideas to be generated there must be a room to try out the ideas emanating from the creative employees. This is usually achieved in a publish and tractile environment. Innovative work does not well with rules used for routine handling of an organization however these rules are supported by theory and practice.The readiness of day to day within an organization requires fixed routine (Sunbo F. Gallouj, 2000). This is usua lly achieved in a stable controlled environment. The trick is to have a management that balances the factors that leave behind creativity while at the same time promoting effective operations of the organization (Utterback, M. 1994). Innovation normally occurs through a management arrangement that allows for combination of many diverse players within any accompaniment organization. (West, J, 2006).The player may include among others managers, supervisors, technicians, employees, and consultants. Research on social networks twisting in the development of innovation process points out that successful innovation normally occurs near or at the primary embrasure of an organization and manufacturer. With these, OConnor (2006) said that innovation process requires the inputs of all somebodynel of a particular company that is from the top executives to subordinate staffs. It may also require the expertise of a consultant who is normally outsourced. alive anxiety Innovations Innovative approaches are assessed based on its impact upon its profitability. Through implementing strategic management approaches in ones company, the need for customer satisfaction will be met, not only locally but world wide. Currently, there are many innovative approaches to management, which needs top management support to be implement properly.The new ISO 90002000 standards promote the ad favorion of a process approach when devising, implementing and improving a quality management system (QMS). PCL Petts Consulting Ltd) This model of a quality management system approach acknowledge the facts that quality results are achieved by producing a company manual, complete with work procedures and work instructions, proper recording and keeping of quality records and tracking of inputs and outputs. The HACCP (Hazard Analysis of Critical Control Points) System is a systematic approach to the identification, assessment of endangerment and severity, and control of biological, chemical and physi cal hazards associated with a particular food production process or practice.When mouth of HACCP, it is al slipway associated with food safety. By using and by being certified with this system, the customers of the company are always assured of the safe processing of food. CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility) is about how companies manage the business processes to produce an overall commanding impact on society. (Baker, 2006) It is the balance between the companies performance in terms of products and services to satisfy its market, on how the company manage ,treats and train its workers, on how the company shows its concern to its environment and on how it shows concern to the skirt community.Low Morale due to Ineffective Management These are few of management innovations that are put a company ahead of others. Today, companies encountered dilemmas such that too much management which ceased to innovate, thus, bringing out to little or no impact or improvements to a company at all. The problem here is that, businesses need more efficient people, have an environment to let innovative people flourish, however, it wont be effective if management does not have the skills and abilities to develop new ideas effectively.Thus, the question now is, how will we know that our managers possessed the ability of being a leader? Does he know how to properly handle people? Does he know how to develop new ideas and implement it effectively? How will we know in the first place that we have the manager we are looking for, or how can we develop such? The management should be flexible enough to absorb the views of all stakeholders. Management is not always willing to accept new ideas. Most managers always want to remain in a comfortable zone. Too much management, which is normally found in large organization, should understand innovative people.Modern executives definition of efficiency is operating business which can supply their customers with better products or services at lowered cost. Modern executives are unceasingly asking questions which is more concerned in productivity and efficiency rather than employees egotism regard and self esteem. How are we doing? , Is production going up? , Sales up? , Costs going down? are just few of executives questions about efficiency clearly sho boostg the classic ways of hierarchal management systems. This results to low self-esteem which has a very strong relationship with morale.The loss of self-confidence or a feeling of discouragement may also be caused by frustration, which in turn causes mental efficiency and creativity to be lowered. This situation was experienced by Oracle. Ashby and Miles (2002) cited Oracle who was facing crisis in June 1992. Its culture win at any cost, the end always justify the means caused low morale and its effects on day-to-day operations was out of control since employees no longer pay attention to rules either internally or with customers. Applying EQ for Effective Managemen t InnovationsChange of management structure especially for large businesses to stick innovation is very critical for an organization to remain competitive (Tidd, J et al 1997). The management system in place should be flexible enough to create room for creative ideas. The management should substantially adapt to changes brought about by trends in technologies and gentleman issues. The organization needs to be loose and flexible enough to allow room for creative new ideas. A tight management system hinders creativity. Management should also motivate employees by rewarding not only success but also failure.This is because you cannot produce good ideas without bad ones (Maguire, 1994). Further for innovation to be successful there is a need for key personnel who are primarily concerned with the development of new product or services. The complexity of the procedures and directs involved in the production of a new product can impact negatively on the success of an innovation. (Fabri zio. K, 2006) For the success of an innovation the key is to delegate a few personnel on that activity, as too many people are less innovative compared to a few people.The virtuous circle can also impact negatively on the development of an innovation. It follows the following steps such as organization reputation for innovation, attraction of creative people, organizational need for creativity and innovation, development of innovation product, willingness within the organization to accept new ideas, motivation of people within organization to reduce frustration, high morale and fortress of creative people (Henry et al 1991). This means that if one the above listed steps is missed then innovation would not be established.So if we ask, why is there a need to apply Emotional Intelligence (EQ) in management innovations? This is because Emotional Intelligence (EQ) is now more important and useful especially in businesses. It tends to analyze and identify why people do what they do, thin k as they do and think as they do with their abilities, motives, disappointments, ambitions, queer streaks. The successful business person is almost always efficiency minded through and through whether he is the boss or not. He keeps a close eye on the efficiency, and the person-to-person efficiency of those working with him.According to Herrera (2006) IQ is quickly losing ground to EQ when it comes to predicting success. Moreover, supervisors and executives are generally rated on still more EQ qualities such as winning cooperation, handling people, suitable use of nomenclature and accepting suggestions and criticisms. This proves that the higher the position you can attain the higher EQ qualities, tests and evaluation that you have passed. An employee with more promotional possibilities shows high EQ for higher executives take on more social responsibilities at each(prenominal) step on the way up.According to Bradberry, T. Greaves, J. (2005a), 16 hours of work can make a person feel 465 emotions in a day with (2005b) 90% top performers tested to have high EQ and only 20% high EQ persons being rated as low performers. Rather than IQ, companies and corporations now opt for high EQ individuals to work for them. This is because, high EQ employees are more productive, and have great dividing line performance and good leaders. High EQ employees and leaders are worker-centered which had higher producing work groups.And as we all know, companies aims for high productions at low cost and less turnovers. Conclusion Management systems have a evidential effect on the innovation process. A tight management system normally hinders creativity because it does not allow employees to express and generate innovative ideas. All the same for small organizations suppressed management approaches can increase abilities to innovate through less formal management structures facilitating rapid decision-making, which is facilitated by having to communicate the changes to members of the organization.For innovation process to be a success there should be a slack element in the management Structure. To balance between effective running of an organization and creativity the management should know what is best for routine work and what is best for innovative work. And with this, management innovation and creativity is best improved by applying EQ tools. Today, EQ ratings are almost always taken with high importance in a company. During a companys periodic reviews of individual efficiency, the boss, supervisor or head of the company watch work ways and attitudes of employees.According to Laird and Laird (1979) employees are rated according to desirable qualities or social characteristics such as cooperation, communication and appearance. This shows that individual efficiency is not based on high IQ but rather based on the qualities of high EQ. Production is also influenced by the friendly interaction of members of a work group. An employees level of EQ is tied in with friendliness because it shapes its interaction of people towards each other. High EQ of employees promote warm and friendly atmosphere in the work place.On the other hand, employees with low EQ will be frigorific and aloof towards its co-workers. This will hinder the productivity of a worker with low EQ and increase the rate of absenteeism, thus, absenteeism is an outcome of an employee with low EQ. With this, managers will think that unnecessary absence from work shows irresponsibility. The human emotions shape the interactions of people to each other. With the types of people in one company, considering warm or friendly and cold or aloof, those employees with high EQ will stand out and be more productive than the others.

Compare the representations of Frankenstein Essay Example for Free

Compare the representations of Frankenstein EssayCompare the representations of Frankenstein in Branaghs Mary Shelleys Frankenstein and the 1931 withdraw Frankenstein directed by James Whale Language- 1931 Camera Close ups are non used on Frankenstein as Branagh wants roundabout to wonder what he looks like. in that location are lots of pans to show the set and the people on that point. There is a close up on the monsters hand when it is twitching. There arent many edits which makes it boring and not very interesting. Sound Diegetic sound is the machines, Frankenstein shouting, noise of the monster being taken up. Non-diegetic sound is the thunder there is no music at all in the extract. Mise-en-scene Henry Frankenstein is wearing a lab application/straight jacket, which gives the impression that he is crazy. He has slicked back hair using hair oil. The performing panache is very over the top, like theatrical playacting. Frankenstein is side lit, to make him look sh ake up and horrified. general the lighting is mostly by top lights and sometimes the lightening. 1994 Camera There are lots of excited zooms, pans and also up and down shots, which makes the audience intimidated.The camera follows Frankenstein and shows his emotions/feelings. The edits are very fast and unnoticeable, using cuts and get cuts. By making the editing quicker, this builds up the tension. Sound Diegetic sound are the chains, machines moving, bangs, slots into the body, the electricity sparks and also Frankensteins function and movements. Non diegetic sound is the dramatic theme music, building up to create much more tension. Mise-en-scene Victor Frankenstein is change in trousers but with no top. However the monster is naked.Frankensteins hair is shoulder length, which is very messy and sweaty. The acting style is exciting and energetic but not mad. Frankenstein is chiefly lit on his upper body. There are lots of side lights and candle light, however the room loo ks dark. Institutions 1931 In black and white. Universal studios do the film, as they k naked as a jaybird detestation would be a big money spinner. It was voted one of the best films of the year by New York Times. 1994 It wasnt as brand new as it was in 1931, as in 1994 many horror films had been out.The technology was much more advanced and a lot had changed from 1931, new ideas and there was a new effect on people. Audience 1931 The big actor, Boris Karloff was used to attract the audiences. People in 1931 were different to 1994, as it was all fresh and new to them. Cinema was a get away for people. Frankenstein was a big horror, and scared the audiences of its day. The monster, which was thought as Frankenstein became a big horror icon, with a built up brow and a bolt through his neck. 1994Kenneth Branagh and Robert de Niro were used to attract audiences. Horror films were the norm to people in 1994. They were a lot more sophisticated. Money was much more wide-spread in 1994 but wasnt as much in 1931. deputation 1931 Frankenstein was dressed very much like a man in 1931. His movements, delivery of the lines and his acting style is all over the top, like in the way of a theatre play. The light is normally ground on the monster and when its on Frankenstein, the light would be on his upper body.The 1931 film changes Frankensteins name to Henry, sort of than Victor The audience are supposed to react to Frankenstein in a scary way and that he comes across very mad. 1994 Frankenstein dresses and looks very much like a man of the time that the novel was written. His movements and acting style is energetic and exciting however doesnt come across at all mad. The light is mainly based on Frankensteins upper body the rest of the room is very dark. The music interprets Frankenstein very well, as he is running around being busy.The music is a fast, dramatic orchestra. Frankensteins name stays the equivalent as the novel, which is Victor. The audience are suppo sed to think that Frankenstein is very involved with his work and wants to get it through with(p) to see the result.

Why Labor Unions Were Successful Essay Example for Free

Why Labor Unions Were Successful screenThe years following the Civil War era was considered a gilded era due to the speedy economic and population growth in the United States. In this gilded time new inventions were be created, and factories were being revolutionized and more and more jobs were being created. With rapid population growth comes rapid growth of problems. Jobs were being created as fast as people were willing to fill them. Businesses everywhere were booming. But after a while, workers grew tired of the strict and demanding work conditions. Factory workers in this time were working in extremely lamentable conditions and had no power. Workers were often abused by the factory owners and their wages were cut very low. The mass immigration also did not favor the laborers as it made them so east to replace.In order to clamber back, laborers would join labor unions in order to protest all these horrible conditions. Primarily, one of the important factors of the Amer ican opinion upon labor unions was the press. One of which was the New York Times (Doc. B). Often times the press was bribed by expectant companies in order to have favor them, hence giving labor unions a bad name. This term is about the BO railroad strike. They said it was a hopeless cause and the strikers do not even drive in what they wanted. (Doc. C) is some other great example how the reputation of labor unions werent great. In the picture that Thomas Nass illustrates he is showing the laborer has killed the goose that lays the golden egg.One of these golden eggs is in his pocket and another egg is in the basket of the woman and child in the background of the illustration. This illustration is suggesting that labor unions do not know what they are doing and will regret it in the long run. Also, Nass is suggesting that the labor unions have a communist influence and that behind the labor unions is in fact communism.

Final Project AAT Essay Example for Free

Final Project AAT Essay1.TERMS OF REFERENCE1.1The cogitation has been prep atomic result 18d to c everywhere the requirements of the AAT whole Internal Control and score Systems.1.2The objectives of the report atomic number 18 to analyse the accountancy function at signstand Ltd and to identify whatsoever(prenominal) failinges, so that recomm ratiocinationations for the implementation of a fresh and breakd system drive come out of the closet be castigate in fundament, in enjoin to derogate errors and to dis exclusivelyow machination.2. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY2.1The aim of the report is to analyse and evaluate the current intimate confine system and accounts receiv fit ledger of inkstand Ltd. 2.2The findings of the probe mettlesomelighted the streame flunkes The Retail shops riding habit complete information processing systems which atomic number 18 non connected to the ne dickensrk. Lack of security measures put in place to safeguard the sensitive perso nal data held on individuals, and non-compliance with the entropy tri scarcee of 1998. Non-compliance with confederation constitution, as up eras however carried out once per mean solar solar daylight. Data preoccupied due(p) to infrequent back-ups argon pricy in dickens magazine and specie. The retail shops befool a sloppy approach to exchange worldagement. exchange only banked doubly per week. The union does non produce or provide all appriseion and befri residuum guides, which implementees brush aside refer to in monastic assure to find supporter and advice. The federation do non overhear contingencies in place for rung absences due to illness or annual leave behind There is no encouragement for employees to attend grooming courses. Passwords single-valued functiond atomic number 18 non sufficient to maintain an adequate direct of security. The friendship uses a just in fourth dimension system of production, and any unforeseen upholds in s peech communication sack up realise delays and whitethorn pitch an jounce on the federations reputation. There atomic number 18 insufficient control and monitoring procedures carried out by superior personnel. The companionship on the whole told toldows nodes to pay by draw off.The club does not conduct per figure of speechance appraisals.The order does not conduct reparation mental faculty referings.Management not upholding ethics and integrity, and not practicing their let policies thus creating an ideal environment for imposture and unhonorable entrusts to be bankted. round shortages contri onlying to processing delays of gross revenue invoices.2.3Suggestions and recommendations consent been do to help direct improvements which drop by the wayside process up the associations performance and efficiency and to helpcreate anti-fraud environment.3. METHODOLOGY3.1The research conducted to create this report was primarily obtained from data provided fro m the AAT website, the Internet, and reference textbooks.3.2A flow of four months was taken to monitor the Internal Controls system and Accounts due Ledger to gather sufficient data in order to compile the report.3.3A meeting was consistent with inkwells finance handler and society Accountant to discuss the aras of concern and the procedures that needed to be implemented to make satisfactory improvements.4. INTRODUCTION4.1 inkstand Ltd is a large private limited play a farseeing at heart the private sector, supplying a complete range of re-manufactured inkjet and laser toner cartridges to its customers. Products disregard be bargain ford from all the phoners sixty nationwide chain of high street shops, which argon situated in most of the UK cities and large towns, or from their on-line shop facility which is accessible twenty-four hours alwaysy day of the week.4.2The fraternity is run by three directors who be the main decision makers. Inkwell Ltd was created seven o ld age ago by two of the directors, Mr Paul Farnon (Managing Director) and Ms Victoria Dawson (Sales Director). Mr Anil Gupta (finance Director) joined Inkwell subsequently put in the come with two old age ago. The confederation shares are owned by internal stakeholders only. deoxycytidine monophosphate% of the shares are split amongst the directors, with the Managing Director existence the majority shareholder with holdings of 40% and the some another(prenominal) directors all(prenominal) holding 30% of the shares.4.3Their head office is situated in an industrial estate, establish in Birmingham, where the management team, accounts part, on-line shop and large central warehouse are all located. The political party has to a greater extent and much grown since it was initially set up and currently employs one hundred and eighty regular employees, and has inform revenue of over sixteen million pounds. .4.4Inkwell has a mission to become environmentally social and prom otes this by ensuring that they continue to strive towards achieving a greener environmental future, without jeopardising or comprising the tonus of their products and reputation. The familiarity run acrosss that products meet with snow% quality satisfaction guarantee, and has make a promise that should current conditions not be fulfilled that the partnerships polity of replacing the products without rejection, will be adhered to without affecting the customers statutory rights. The confederation assures their customers that the recycled cartridges, which are cheaper than the genuine, original products by up to 20%, will meet or exceed the quality of the original cartridges.4.580% of Inkwells gross gross sales are sign ond by non- handicraft customers. Trade customers represent the stay 20%, and these customers are supplied goods on assign terms of between thirty to sixty days.4.6The Finance Director, who owns 30% of the companions shares and reports immediately to th e Managing Director, is qualified to BSc and FCMA standards, and has worked for the Inkwell Ltd for five years on a full-time basis. This Director is entrusted to ensure that all the monetary strategies, support the aims of the business and to identify opportunities in order to get greater efficiency and court savings, as well as driving sustainable and amplificationable exploitation and optimising profit capacity and shareholder value4.7The alliance Accountant, who reports directly to the Financial Director, is AAT and ACCA qualified and has worked for Inkwell Ltd for seven years on a full-time basis. The Accountant complies, analyses and produces the guilds quarterly and annual financial lines4.8The Accounting Technician, who reports directly to the Company Accountant, has worked for Inkwell Ltd for six months on a full-time basis. This employee possesses relevant experience besides does not currently demand any accountancy qualifications. However, the Technician is cu rrently studying for the AAT qualification, with the aim of passing the exams deep down the ascertaining year.4.9The General Ledger Clerk, who reports directly to the Company Accountant, has worked for Inkwell Ltd for four years on a full-time basis. This employees principal responsibilities are to input financial data into the computer system, in order to produce monthly trial balances. This clerk does not possess any accountancy qualifications.4.10The Accounts Payable Clerk, who reports directly to the Company Accountant, has worked for Inkwell Ltd for three years on a part-time basis, and already holds a aim two AAT qualification, but has expressed an interest in progressing on to the next level.4.11The Accounts Receivable Clerk, who reports directly to the Company Accountant, has worked for Inkwell Ltd for three years on a part-time basis. This clerk has worked previously inside the accountancy industry, but does not currently possess any relevant qualifications.4.12The Costi ng Technician, who reports directly to the Company Accountant, is passing experienced and competent within this role and has worked for Inkwell Ltd for seven years on a full-time basis. This employee does not currently possess any relevant qualifications and has expressed their reluctance and unwillingness to participate on any training activities4.13The Payroll Clerk, who reports to the Company Accountant, possesses a level two AAT Accounting qualification, and is enthusiastic to a greater extent or less progressing pull ahead. This employee has worked for Inkwell Ltd for four months on a full-time basis, and has very limited experience of workings within a payroll department.5.REVIEW OF THE ACCOUNTS SYSTEM5.1Inkwells policy for their large business customers is generally to trade on a specie-with-order basis for the initial three months of custom, and uses the services of a doctrine reference confidence which conducts the necessary credit checks. The Accounts Receivable Cler k is responsible for carrying out the credit checking procedures, and after liaising with the Sales Director regarding accounts which require a credit limit of more(prenominal) than 1,000 per month, recommends suitable credit terms.This is a saturation of the accounting system in that by victimization the credit reference business office it will determine the ability of new customers to pay their debts. This will observe fraud in that customers would not be able to purchase goods wittingly that they could not afford to pay for them, so change magnitude bullion flow. This will overly beget an stupor on the integrity of the customer. However the weakness should be that a full limit should be set, in that the customer is not allowed to go over a total limit, otherwise the customer could do four or five months trading up to 5,000 and this would escalate further if they were non payers, meaning the debts are more kindredly to go bad. This would waste an tinge on the cash flow of the business.5.2All new credit limits and changes to existing limits of more 5,000 per month, have to be approved by the Financial Director. Risk management is natural for a callers survival and success. This is a strength in the association as any increase in limits have to be classic by a senior piece of the pay team. This will reduce the danger of fraud, in that no individual has control over the customer accounts, and force out extend limits for customers for their own personal gain.5.3A potential customer may want to greet the harm of the goods before deciding whether to proceed with a proposed transaction, and will request a quote either by phone, email or in writing. As a means of preventing fraud, due to either party contesting the quotes tending(p), the orders preferred regularity of issuing these quotes is by email. Written quotes are supplied on a customers request, however, Inkwell likes keep this method of issuance to a minimum, as composing usage has an impact on the environment and goes against the beliefs of the federation.Inkwell, in any case prefer not to give a quote over the phone, as a record merchantmannot be kept regarding the quote given, and there would be no written manifest to support against any disputes that may arise in the future. Before proceeding with the order a customer faeces make comparisons between the prices given by different suppliers. If the customer accepts the price given by Inkwell, and proceeds with the order, the price quoted is fixed and cannot be changed, which is contrary to that of an estimate world given. This has an effect on the ethical principle of objectivity, in other words the customer would be free from biased.5.4 erstwhile an order is effortfulened it ask to be checked by the appropriate sales representative. This is important, as the recorded data may ask errors which require correction and checks must be made to see if any data that has been omitted, needs to be added. T he order form is thus passed onto the Sales Manager for additional checking, approval and authorisation. This is good practice and carrying out this procedure, helps to minimise the misadventures of fraud being ordainted and over charging being recorded on the order form. However, there is still the opportunity of fraud and misuse of capital and assets taking place as other un classic members of rung still have regular and slowly access to the system, so is a weakness in the accountingsystem.5.5It is important that the customer produce an order number as this will informed track the order, but the most important thing is that the purchase order must be authorised. Without this signature the order will not be processed. This is a great strength in that it will prevent fraud, in that goods could not be obtained for employees personal gain, so creating fraud. This helps recruit the ethical principle of integrity.5.6Once an order has been processed, it is sent to dispatches, r eady for transportation. Once the goods have r individuallyed their destination, both the customer and the delivery driver are need to sign the delivery note. This confirms that the goods are been delivered and received. This will prevent fraud, in that the customer could not retract that they have not received the goods..However, if the delivery personnel collects the signatures from the recipient in paper form kinda than collecting these signatures directly on a smartphone or digital tablet, in order to confirm trial impression of delivery and receipt, there is a danger that the paper form confirmation may be lost in transit or may become misplaced, thereof providing no proof that delivery ever took place. The outcome to this is that the customer can abuse this situation by contesting that any goods were received. Also the use of paper has a prejudicious impact and significantly endangers the environment. Having the delivery note in paper format is not sustainable to the envi ronment. .5.7Sales invoices are created and issued via the use of a goods dispatched listing, which are consequently sent out to the customers on a weekly basis. The person responsible for the issuing of these invoices is the Accounts Receivable Clerk. The clerk excessively has the responsibility for inputting the sales invoices into the accounts receivable ledger system, which as well as incorporates the general and accounts payable ledgers, which all run on the Windows Vista computer package package. There is a pixilated weakness in thisprocedure as the purchase orders, dispatch notes and sales invoices are not reconciled against each other. This is a weakness in the accounting system in that invoices could be sent out for the incorrect amounts, or incorrect customers are invoiced for goods that may have not been received. The impact on the company would be the delay of retribution which would have an adverse effect on the companys cash flow. This would as well have an imp act of the companys reputation of headmaster person competence.5.8Inkwell chooses to issue invoices by email, unless a customer requests a posted version. The email method is easy to use and quick to deliver. As emails do not use paper they are environmentally friendly. However, a problem with using emails is that viruses can be transmitted, but with due care and attention, and a strong security software system in place this can be minimised. This is a strength of the companys system.5.9The software for issuing invoices is Sage Line 50 and the invoices are sent out to the trade customers on a weekly basis as instructed by the Finance Manager. As the invoices are processed electronically this helps to minimise the chances of errors and discrepancies. Many handwritten invoices contain errors in the calculations. other strength of processing invoices using the electronic method is that transactions can be traced. One positive part of the system is that all sales invoices are checked for errors by the Company Accountant, by the use of the double entry checking system. This means that there are no time delays en payoffed by having to make amendments to invoices returned due to containing discrepancies in the recorded data so increasing cash flow. This also upholds the company reputation of headmasterism.5.10Inkwell issues credit notes, in order to credit all or part of a sales invoice, for goods which have been returned by the customers. The credit notes have to be counter checked, approved and authorised before they can be issued. However, the Retail Shop Managers actions are not controlled normonitored. The company has placed trust in these Managers, so they have been given the authority to issue refunds on any returns they consider necessary. This gives a Branch Manager the opportunity to commit fraudulent activities and to prepare figures, by abusing their office of power in order for personal and financial gain.5.11To improve the profitability of sight by bear upon payments and minimising the occurrence of bad debts, customer directions showing the payments made, sales, sales returns and calculations, are dispatched every month, by the Accounts Receivable Clerk. This method can be utilize as a reminder to customers that payment is expected and therefore act them into making a payment on their accounts. The statements inform the customers of the status of their accounts, and enables them to make comparisons between the records they hold and that of the supplier.If a customer discovers a discrepancy regarding any of the transactions recorded, they can contact the supplier to question this. These statements can be used as an utile method to highlight any delinquent payments, which need to be chased. The statements prevent fraud by the company in the customer is able to check all the invoices and credit notes issued. This would prevent the company form over stating their account or adding fraudulent invoices to their account.5.1 2Large trade customers have credit terms accounts held with the company. Each customer is given between thirty and sixty days depending on their account status. Trade customers can also benefit from a cumulative discount, each quarter, based on the value of their orders. This incentive is to try and keep a steady flow of business and increase sales, whilst at the equal time increasing Inkwells cash flow due to the prompt payments that would be generated. This is a strength of the company in that increasing sales will eventually increase the net of the company, creating sustainability of the company.5.13All cash and cheques received are compiled and recorded in the cash receipt book. These amounts are so entered into the system using the Sage Line 50 package, in order to update the applicable customer accounts. The Accounts Receivable Clerk, who receives the payments, has the responsibility of banking them on a twice weekly basis. The cash and cheques are held in the companys saf e for security whilst waiting to be banked. This is a strength as it prevents the opportunity for the funds to be stolen, creating fraud.However, there is an increased risk that the cash or cheques may be lost or misplaced, particularly in the event of the office being in disarray, during times of low moduleing levels, disruption and having to meet tight deadlines. If there is a lapse in internal controls regarding the checking and monitoring of the accounts receivable ledger, this creates the opportunity for employees to commit fraud using recognised fraud schemes such as lapping, skimming/hiking, the kiting of cash and cheques, the improper placard of cheques and also cash/cheque substitution. This would not comfort the companys reputation of professionalism and integrity.5.14Customers can splice a remittance advice slip with their cheque payment to inform the company that they have made a payment on their account using the BACS method. This slip details the amounts that have been paid, the amounts that are left owing and what is being paid for. By summarising the transaction details, the slip ensures that the correct amount has been paid. Any discrepancies can be questioned with the customer. The remittance advice slip will be kept with the customers records, as proof that payment has been received, and can be referred and used as evidence in the future.This is a strength as time is not unnecessarily consumed by having to figure out what part of the invoice the payment relates to, as this has already been clarified by the customer. The advantage to receiving payment in the form of a BACS transfer is good, because this is consequence cash and helps to increase the cash flow. However, the receipt by cheque delays the access to cash. This method of payment is slow as the cheque needs to go through the clearing system, and there is a danger that it may be returned by the bank, if the customer has insufficient funds.5.15The company has implemented a policy that should be followed when dealing with overdue accounts. If an account is seven days overdue, the customer is earphoned to request immediate payment. If after fourteen days of the telephone call, the payment is still outstanding, the customer will be sent a letter requesting the immediate payment, in order to bring their account up to date. This is a strength of the company as credit control is an important part of the business, and collecting monies would increase the cash flow and sustainability of the company.5.16The company is being proactive in trying to collect payments before they turn into bad debts and escalate out of control. An stiff approach to the collection of debt helps to boost the companys cash flow and avoids the assistance of debt collection agencies, which bes the business money. Accounts more than one month overdue are inspected by the Company Accountant. Accounts which are overdue by more than two months are reviewed by both the Finance Director and the S ales Director. However, this procedure is not executed, which is a major problem.Both Directors avoid any involvement as the Finance Director has the opinion that the toil is of a tedious nature and the Sales Director is anxious that her involvement will damage her dealing with the customers. The liquidity of a company is very important. Without funds, bills cannot be paid and the company may encounter financial difficulty. There is danger that Inkwells future may be put at risk of infection if debts are not being actively chased. No money coming in whilst money is dismission out has a severe impact on the companys cash flow. If it is known to the customers that the company would not go to a debt collecting agency, then they may take advantage of this and receive goods knowingly that they could not pay so creating fraud5.17The computers which are located in the retail outlets are stand-alone computers. These computers are pointd by Windows Vista software and all have Microsoft Office 2007 installed. However, there is a weakness in this system. Although, shop employees using these computers are not allowed toupload, download or connect any outside turn of eventss, which have not been purchased or approved by the company, as per company policy instructions, issued by the Finance Director on 23rd May 2010, there is no way of monitoring this.All the computers have full internet access including email using the Firefox Internet web browser. Although it is advantageous to have all the computers running on the same software and web browser systems, there is a downside, in that each computer must be updated and configured individually, which is constitutely to the company. Had the systems been networked, this could have been done all at the same time, remotely, thus saving the company time and money. This would have an adverse effect on the companys data and therefore would not be secure and compliant with the Data Protection cultivate (1998). This would also have a negative impact on the ethical principle of privyity and integrity.5.18The companys perfect computer systems are password cling toed which is a strength. However, the problem is that when the computers were installed seven years ago, they were all given the same password, which is Go Green, and no action has been taken to make any changes to this. This has created a grand weakness regarding all aspects of security within the accounting system. Trade customers account and bank details are open to exposure and this increases the risk of being abused. This study can be accessed and stolen by dishonest and shifty persons who use this discipline with the intention of obtaining financial and personal gain, so creating fraud.The companys policy handbook clearly states that each computer must be individually password protected and only authorised users are permitted access. stave are required to maintain the hiddenity of such passwords used in order to protect security. Ho wever, the policy is being ignored and abused by staff, who continue to disregard and follow the rules and regulations, which is evident, when shop employees are allowing unauthorised persons to use the computers for social media etc., without seeking the authority from senior management first. This is a serious intermit of the computer policy and security, as this leaves records, bank details and other priceless information of other staff members, customers and suppliers, open to exposure, which in turn could lead to identity theft,fraud and therefore the Data Protection Act of (1998) is being breached.5.19The computers are protected by Windows Firewall that helps to protect the network, against hackers or viruses. When the controller leaves the workstation unattended, they are required to pound off, however, if they forget to do this, each computer has an automatic timeout installed that has been set at five minutes. If no employment has taken place within this duration, the c omputer will revert to standby mode (hibernation). This saves on susceptibility which is good for the environment. Whilst in the standby mode, any sensitive and confidential information is hidden from prying eyes, preventing fraud such as identity theft, and without the correct password, prevents any access to gain such information.At the end of the working day, all computers are required to be shutdown. Protecting sensitive and confidential information is complying with The Data Protection Act of (1998). To disable the standby mode, the controller has to enter the correct password, which is Go Green. As this password is known and used throughout Inkwell, any employee is able to gain access to this data, and therefore the confidential information is not being protected or secured. It is the companys moral duty to protect confidential information, and they are breaching the Data Protection Act (1998), which carries with it hefty fines and can result in prosecution. This does not uph old the companys reputation for confidentiality and integrity.5.20The Finance Director issued instructions concerning the updating and backup procedures of all the IT systems as per the extract of the company policy handbook, dated May 2010. These instructions required that all of the IT systems are to be backed up twice per day, once at lunch time and again at the close of business. The Company Accountant instructed the accounts department to back up data once only, and only at the end of the working day. This requirement has been in force since the Accountant joined the company, therefore totally irrespective the Finance Directors updated policy. This breach of company policy has already resulted in unnecessary sleddinges in time and money. A power cut that took place in October of 2010 atthe head office premises, late in the afternoon, resulted in the loss of most of the days work. The majority of this information has been re-entered into the system but came at a bell, due to t he number of hours that had to be paid in overtime. This is a weakness and was not hail effective for the company, as these extra trade union movement hours could have been used doing other duties.5.21Maintenance of the recorded song levels in reference to the companys printer cartridges which are held as breed in both the warehouse and shops are not controlled by a password protected, Microsoft Excel spread sheet. Due to the default of password protection being implemented in this area means that there is an increased chance of the data being altered, whether by accident or by intention. The opportunity for fraud to take place is heightened and there is no way of preventing this occurrence happening again, unless the system is password protected. This means that the company is not abiding by the guidelines laid down by the Data Protection Act (1998). It means also that the company is not treating its data with the ethical principle of integrity and confidentiality.5.22The Fina nce Director noticed that the company did not have a proper system in place to record any of the companys business dealings relating to any of the previous years transactions, so the decision was made to purchase an archiving package. However, the Financial Director has lost interest since and no longer considers this working class a point of antecedency anymore. Therefore the implementation of this package has wasted valuable time, effort and money. This is a weakness of the accounting system, in that all records must be kept for six years. By purchasing an archiving system that is computerised would mean that the company would be proactively following the guidelines of the Data Protection Act (1998), but it would greatly help the sustainability of the environment, and would reduce the use of paper.5.23The Payroll and Personnel Clerk completes the annual bath returns using HerMajestys Revenue and Customs (HMRC) guidelines. This highlights the difference between the input tax cha rged on the companys purchases and expenses and the output tax which is charged on the supplies and goods sold to the customers. The net difference indicates whether payment is due to or from HMRC. It is of the upmost importance that the VAT 100 forms are completed promptly and accurately and that payment is made before the deadline is reached.Penalties for submitting a return form late are severe. The Company Accountant is responsible for checking that the details recorded are correct and then passes this form to the Finance Director for re-checking. This is a strength as it minimised the chances of discrepancies occurring or any fraudulent activities being committed. It is against the Law to falsify or omit any information that should be recorded on the VAT 100 form. The company are complying with the VAT Act 1994, s72 (1), (2) and (3) and The Fraud Act 2006.5.24The Income debate and Other broad Income shows the performance of the company over a given period. This statement show s the companys income, expenses and the resultant profit or loss figure. The profit or loss can be careful by deducting all of the expenses incurred including finance expenses and tax costs from the revenue earned to show the profit/loss made. This statement shows entries made using the accruals method.This means that revenue and expenses are matched with each other and recorded when they are recognised (earned/incurred) and not when they are realised (cash received/payment made). Users can analyse the statements and make comparisons with previous years or with other competitors. Both Private Ltd companies and Public Ltd Companies are required by law to submit this statement with the other accompanying statements to Companies House. Various accounting ratios to measure the profitability of the company can be calculated using the financial information as shown on the statement, such as the Gross Profit %, operating(a) Profit %, and Expense and Revenue %.5.25The Statement of Financia l Position also referred to as the Balance aeroplane shows the companys assets, liabilities and equity at a given date, and is helpful for interested parties to ascertain the financial health of the business. A formula which is associated with this statement is Assets Liabilities = Equity. Assets are what the company owns, liabilities are what the company owes and the equity is the equilibrium interest after the liabilities have been deducted from the assets. This statement used in conjunction with the other financial statements can help to assist users when making economic decisions, such as investing, lending, or acquisition etc.This statement can be compared with those of the previous financial years or with the statements of other competitors. The principal users are mainly, investors, lenders and creditors, and like the Income Statement, the Statement of Financial Position also needs to be submitted to Companies House, if the reporting entity is a Private Ltd Company or a Pu blic Ltd Company. Financial information recorded in this statement can be used to calculate various accounting ratios used to measure the Companys liquidity, effective use of the companys resources, their financial position and their gearing (the measuring of how much the company is financed by debt).5.26The Statement of Changes in Equity is part of the set of the financial statements that accompany each other and shows how the equity has changed over the specific year. The statement links information contained in the Statement of Profit and Loss and Comprehensive Income with that contain in the Statement of Financial Position. The Statement of Changes in Equity shows the entries for ordinary capital shares, share premium, maintained earnings, dividends, and unrealised gains on assets etc.5.27The Statement of Cash Flow shows the changes in inflows (money coming in) and outflows (money going out) over the financial accounting period in reference to Operating activities, Investing ac tivities and Financing activities. The financial information recorded on the statement gives a user the opportunity to see how feasible it is for the companys to generate future cash flows, and to assess the companys ability to meet its obligations and to pay its shareholders their dividends.5.28The company does not hold any regular staff meetings and is a weakness in the accounting system. Staff meetings are an effective way to get employees to reside and communicate with each other sharing and exchanging information and new ideas. Such a meeting would also give staff the opportunity to flag up any problems or issues which need to be addressed. When important decisions regarding the company have been made without the involvement of employees, they can be left ruleing frustrated that they have not been given a voice.When the staff members feel undervalued and de-motivated, performance and productivity are affected. Employees may commit fraud as they feel justified by their actions . The number of employee absences may increase and the company will find it difficult to supply their customers as staff shortages may cause delays, due to increased workloads having to be performed by fewer staff members, cost the company money and may damage their reputation.5.29The only form of discussion between the departments is via email. Although there is an advantage to using this method of communication, such as convenience, quick delivery, lack of paper (sustainable for the environment), and cost effective, there are also several disadvantages to using this method, as it creates less social contact, messages can be misinterpreted, viruses can be downloaded, unclaimed spam, and security issues. Another problem that could have a negative effect on the company is the strain that exists between the Finance Director and the Company Accountant, which has been on-going ever since the Finance Director joined the company two years ago. The Company Accountant was resentful that h e was over opineed for this position and feels like he had been demoted.5.30The staff members do not get any form of appraisal which would highlight any performance issues relating to each employee. Therefore there is no way of filtering the staff that is underperforming to those that are exceeding requirements and should be considered suitable for promotion. This is a weakness of the company, and not cost effective as employees feelundervalued and would not work as hard as they should. This will have an adverse effect on the ethical principle of professional competence.5.31The company has an issue with regards to staff training. Rather than investing in training courses that would be advantageous to both new and existing employees, the company only provides a one day crash course for new employees. This gives cause for concern as there is no fully learn staff available to cover in the absence of their peers. Also the company does not actively seek to encourage staff to further the ir skills by encouraging them to participate on any training programmes or courses.This can leave staff popular opinion demotivated and demoralised. Therefore the employee may become unproductive and uncooperative, which has a negative impact on the company. The company may have an excessive turnover of staff, as employees resign due to the lack of future prospects being made available this can result in a decrease in the overall efficiency of the company, which can cost them dearly. This is a weakness of the system, and is not following the ethical principle of professional competence5.32The company does not have any contingency plan in place when it comes to staff absences and so is a weakness of the system. Staff members who are not familiar with the duties of their peers cannot help. This is due to the fact that they cannot get access to useful material such as instruction manuals, guidance tools, help menus, instruction sheets and helplines, as the company have not produced no r made any available. Therefore work does not get done and this has a severe impact on the company as workloads increase, delays occur and errors are made. This can be costly to the company and can damage their reputation of professionalism.5.33The company does not have any staff that are adequately trained on work on other practices. This became evident in the month of September when problems cogitate to the initial stages of the new integrated payroll and personnel system was causing difficulty. The Payroll and Personnel Clerk,who was only given one days intensive training on the system, confessed that she was still struggling to ply the system, even after a month of having worked with it. As no other member of staff was trained on the system, the Payroll and Personnel Clerk had no one to approach who she could ask for help and advice. Another issue that could cause further problems is in the event of the clerk becoming absent from work due to sickness or annual leave, this woul d have a negative impact on the company because they would have no one who could temporarily cover their role. This is a weakness of the accounting system.5.34There is a set of help menus for staff to use on the Sage Line 50 package to help them operate the system correctly. There are step by step guides, online tutorials and PDF guidelines made available, and if any staff member still requires help, they have access to a further phone and email support service. This is a strength as it is cost effective for the company meaning that staff are not tied up shadowing a new employee and are able to still carry on with their own duties.5.35Without sacrificing quality, and working towards ensuring a greener environment, Inkwell chooses to use products that are environmentally friendly. This includes the usage of recycled paper that is purchased from specialist suppliers. All employees are required to adhere to the companys policy of discarding any of unused paper in the cycle bin, which is then sold to a recycling company. Inkwell encourages customers to bring in their old unused ink cartridges in exchange for purchasing re-manufactured ones, and as an incentive Inkwell renders these customers a 10% discount. The company also recycles its own unused ink cartridges, and sends these along with the old cartridges brought in by the customers, to a small number of manufacturers for refilling. This is a strength of the companys system.5.36As an effective way of exposing their existence and improving their delineation within the community, Inkwell Ltd sponsors the local neighbourhood clean-upscheme. This helps install pride within the community. Inkwell also receives an incentive from the Government for their involvement. The clean-up scheme brings members of community together, in their quest to clear the streets of refuge and litter. Walls and signs remain free from graffiti. Children can play safely in the streets, and wildlife remains out of harms reach. The clean e nvironment is attr acting new home seekers, and visitors therefore bringing more money into the community. Employment is rising due to the influx of visitors and the increasing consumer demand that comes with it, resulting in a happy and satisfied community who look favourably upon Inkwell Ltd.6. WEAKNESSES6.1The companys high street shops use standalone computers that are not connected to the network. A problem is encountered when installation of new software is required, as this cannot be installed simultaneously but must be installed on an individual basis this function is time consuming. Frequent upgrading coupled with regular maintenance is super acid, and this comes at a price, therefore this is not cost effective for the company. It is difficult to control and monitor the activities performed on these computers so there is a risk of fraud going undetected. A lapse in the adequate security of keeping confidential information protected is violating the Data Protection Act (19 98).6.2.Inkwell uses the password of Go Green throughout the whole company, which is common knowledge. The company is not adequately protecting the privacy of the sensitive information held on individuals, and this increases the risk of fraud. Employees are not demonstrating good ethical practices as they are allowing unauthorised users access to confidential data, which increases the opportunity to commit fraud by abuse and misuse. The company is legally and morally obliged to protect confidential information under the Data Protection Act (1998), but this is being breached. Compliance with the companys own IT policy is not being adhered to either, as this policy specifically contains clear instructions that all company computers must beindividually password protected.6.3Inkwells policy that was updated in May 2010 by the Finance Director, gives clear instructions that all IT systems must be fully backed up twice per day. This action should be performed around midday and also at the close of business. The new company policy created by the Finance Director is not being complied with. An incident occurred when the company lost data and this came at a cost to the company in both time and money, and therefore they were negligent in their actions. This is not demonstrating good professional business practices.6.4The Microsoft Office Excel program used to store and control inventory levels is password protected but is still awaiting set up procedures necessary to restrict access to authorised users only. At present access is available to all users, which is not complying with the Data Protection Act of (1998), as confidential information is not being adequately protected. Unrestricted access to confidential information increases the risk of fraud, as it creates an opportunity for identity theft and gives a perpetrator the freedom to alter or manipulate the data. The company is not demonstrating good business ethics of integrity and confidentiality, through its negli gence to protect confidential information, and they are violating the Data Protection Act (1998).6.5On the delivery of goods, the driver and the customer are required to sign a delivery note that shows proof of delivery and receipt. The company uses a paper based proof of delivery. The usage of paper has a damaging effect on the environment, and goes against the companys beliefs, and this is not sustainable to the environment6.6Tension and conflict between the Finance Director and Company Accountant, who are not working together, is having an negative impact on the planning andorganising of work that needs to be carried out and completed. As a result the Accounting Technician has not been able to complete all the tasks that have been given to him, by both parties, but this has gone unnoticed. Work that demands priority and that must meet tight deadlines is left uncompleted and put to the side. allowances are not being collected in a timely manner and this is costing the company mo ney.This is not cost effective for the company. The Finance Director no longer has interest in the projects that he gave to the Accounting Technician to complete, which had initially been considered a matter of importance. Any work that has accumulated regarding these projects has resulted in valuable time, effort and money being wasted, which is also not cost effective for the company. Delays are increased as employees are unable to carry out work until others have finished theirs. These delays have a negative impact on the companys reputation because they are unable to supply a professional and reliable service.6.7Contingency plans are not put in place for the absence of employees who carry out tasks that require day to day processing. Sales invoices were not processed for the period covering the last two weeks of July as the Accounts Receivable Clerk was on annual leave. The companys negligence in adequately covering this post has resulted in the credit control activities not bei ng carried out, so monies due during this period were left uncollected. This has an impact on the companys cash flow and is not cost effective for the company.6.8Inkwell accepts payment in the form of cheque as well as other methods. Payment by cheque delays the access to funds, as it must go through a three day clearing cycle process, which does not operate on Saturdays, Sundays or Bank Holidays. Even at the end of this process there is no guarantee that payment will be granted as the cheque may be returned to drawer has insufficient funds in their bank account. This is not cost effective for the company and can have a serious impact on the companys cash flow and profitability.6.9Any customer accounts overdue by three months should be referred to a debt collecting agency who works on the behalf of the company to recover any debts owed. This is in accordance with the companys policy. However, in reality, this policy is rarely followed. The Sales Director, concerned that the active p ursuance of any of these outstanding debts may menace the good relations she currently has with the customers, has decided to avoid the involvement of the debt collecting agency. Consequently, Inkwells cash flow is negatively impacted due to the lack of money coming in and this is not cost effective for the company. Trade receivables are mounting up significantly and bad debts are increasingly that will ultimately result in having to write them off. This loss in earnings will have to be borne by the company as the funds may become irrecoverable.6.10The company do not have regular meetings that give the staff the opportunity to share and exchange information between each other. rule-governed staff meetings could ensure that ruin decisions are made through effective communication, and enable staff to break down any department issues. Because regular meetings are not put in place, this has a negative impact on the company because they are unable operate in an effective and efficien t manner. The company is not demonstrating good business practices as employees get demoralised when they feel unappreciated, undervalued and disrespected. This is not cost effective for the company.6.11Inkwell Ltd does not have a performance appraisal program put in place in order to monitor the professional development of their employees. Performance appraisals can help to motivate staff and improve company morale, as staff become mindful that good performance can result in promotion and recognition. Due to the non-existence of these programs, management are unable to identify and address any issues or elemental training needs of the staff, and therefore are not in a position to offer suitable training that would help staff become better at performing their jobs. This is not making the company cost effective or competitive within the industry6.12Inkwell do not offer training programmes to either new or existing employees, nor do they actively encourage staff to engage and partici pate on any suitable courses, in order to gain new skills, knowledge and qualifications. In a rapidly changing environment, Inkwell needs to be conscious that roles and responsibilities are continually evolving, and should resolve to this by ensuring that employees are provided with appropriate job-related training to ensure that they have the necessary skills and knowledge in order to carry out their jobs in an effective manner. The company is not ensuring that the staff are acting with professional competence.6.13The company have not produced, nor have they provided any on-site instruction manuals that can be used by employees as guidance tools that are a valuable source of reference. In the absence of staff at short notice, due to sickness, other employees cannot be relied upon to carry out tasks of an unfamiliar nature, as they do not have adequate documentation to hand that contains information that can help guide and instruct the employee to carry out a particular task. This will have a negative impact on labour efficiency in that staff would be shadowing new employees and could be neglecting their own work.7. RECOMMENDATIONS7.1Inkwell needs to remove the standalone computers and replace them with a full networked system. The accounting team would then be able to share data, access information and automatically update all the systems at once. This would save the company money in the long run as once installed it would be far more efficient and increase productivity. A quote can be arranged once decisions have been made concerning company requirements. His is a major overhaul which would be beneficial for the company in the long run, but would require further investigating ensure that the best product was purchased for the best price.7.2To comply with The Data Protection Act (1998), Inkwell must make regular updates to password protection every quarter and passwords should be a variety of alphanumeric characters. Each password should be checked for com plexity. Only the employee and the line manager are to know the password. Once in force this will comply with the Data Protection Act (1998). This would not cost the company any money, just for the IT department to set this in place as most computer software has the facility to secure the data. This would enhance the AATs code of professional ethics of integrity and confidentiality, and also make them compliant with the law.7.3The Accounts Department and Company Accountant must comply with the company policy on backing up the IT system twice daily. This will prevent any possible data loss by accident or otherwise. This will in turn entice other staff to follow suit which will ensure ethical behaviour within the company. This will not cost the company any money as a procedure would need to be typed up or the Finance Manager would put a rota in the daily schedule. It would cost a few labour hours, but as the staff are on salary this would be part of their daily role. The benefit to t he company would be that they would not have to pay extra wages for re-inputting the data lost and therefore make the company more cost effective and competitive within the industry.7.4An accurate and updated list with authorised signatories to make entries in the general ledger is of upmost importance to guarantee security of customers accounts and prevent fraud. All sales staff should enter transaction information on the relevant sales data spreadsheet and sign it then pass it to the manager for counter checking and password protection before it is forwarded to the Accounts Receivable Clerk. This action will prevent fraud and be insignificant in regards to the cost of implementation. This would not cost the company anything, but the IT department could establish this system, or it could be written up in the company policymaking it required for the employees to do this. The benefit for the company would be that the company would be able to see who made certain transactions and wou ld be able to detect any fraudulent activities and who done them.7.5The company should consider investing in electronic signature capture equipment which would remove the problem of paper delivery notes when goods are delivered. It will cost the company initially but will pay for itself in the long term as it would guarantee a traceable signature of the receipt of goods including the data and time and also remove the impact on environmental sustainability. An on line quote from Topaz Systems INC revealed a price of 86.00 Excluding VAT per device (see addendum 8.2). This would be beneficial for sustainability of the environment.7.6The attitudes of both the Finance Director and Company Accountant need to be addressed. As senior management, they should both pay more attention and interest to reviewing the tasks of staff and ensuring the tasks are being completed correctly and on time. Management should also ensure the tasks are being distributed to the correct staff which will improve efficiency and performance with no costs to the company. It is important that any differences between the senior heads of management are kept behind closed doors. This is being professional and the impact on the company would mean that it would be a happier place to work in, and would lead to better output, making the company more competitive within the industry.7.7All invoices must be raised day to day without fail as delayed invoices create delayed payments from customers which reduces the cash flow. The company need to address staff annual leave so as to avoid a situation where there is no cover to continue the day to day invoicing. The company should also promote staff training so that employees are trained on more than one job to allow for any emergency staff absence. It could be that the company could employ agency staff for the cover, but this would come at a cost,depending on the agency. This would require further investigation to see if the benefits of employing agency sta ff would actually improve the cash flow of the business. The cheaper option would be for better planning within the company ensuring that all jobs are covered when employees are on holiday.7.8The company should look at phasing out the receipt of cheques and promote the use of BACs transfers as the preferred payment method. This allows the company instant control and visibility of all payments and collections, and allows review of the cash analysis. It is the most secure method of payment for the company and customer, prevents fraud and is of no further cost to the company as it is already a system in use by most companies.7.9The Sales Director and Company Accountant must review any account that is more than two months overdue and same again when three months overdue. By complying with company policy on this, the Sales Director should promptly pass the matter on to the debt collecting agency in order to recover the money and reduce the debt becoming bad. It will cost the company 100 summing up 25% of any recovered funds but will increase cash flow. However, if overdue accounts are reviewed sooner there is a stronger possibility of avoiding involvement of the debt collecting agency. The fact that this would increase cash flow would able the business to be more competitive within the industry.7.10The management must commence regular staff meetings in which any needs or problems can be addressed. Regular meetings will be valuable and important as it will give the staff confidence that the company is listening and acting on any issues they have raised. These could also include the awareness of fraud and the importance of rules and guidelines relating to the Data Protection Act (1998). The costs incurred to introduce regular meetings will be minimal in respect of man hours but will benefit the company in the long term as any problems get resolved and will streamline the running of the business.7.11The company should implement staff appraisals as this will allow fee dback relating to productivity and performance of each employee. Appraisals have been known to improve staff morale, efficiency, motivation and job satisfaction, and can highlight any training requirements needed. A professional company could be employed to provide this service, but is too costly. A decision was made to devise their own SWOT analysis form and a Performance and Development Plan form, which will cost the company minimal hours of labour only (see Appendix 8.3). This would improve on the AATs code of professional ethics in professional competence.7.12Regular training programs should be implemented for staff awareness of their role within the company. Regular training will help staff be more accurate and competent to do their job which helps the company and employee, and in the long term is cost effective for the company. An online quote was carried out to find out the cost of a self-study payroll package for levels 1 and 2. The price is 125.00 exempt of VAT (see Appendi x 8.4). This would ensure that staff were up to date with their knowledge making them professionally competent. The company could send their staff to the local training provider and this would enhance sustainability in the community.7.13Staff should produce an instruction manual detailing their responsibilities and tasks. This would cost the company minimal labour hours in production but would help the company by allowing staff to concentrate on the task in hand rather than being too focused on training others. This would also ensure the task would be accurately and effectively. This would make the company more cost effective and competitive within the industry. As staff are salaried, this would just be an extra job in their daily routine and the only cost would be the printing of the manuals, however putting the manuals on the staff intranet would not cost money in stationery and printing making it sustainable for the environment.